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Nitrogen utilization from elemental diets.

J E Albina, D O Jacobs, G Melnik

    JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diet C, containing maltodextrins and peptides, proved more effective for nutritional repletion in primates than Diet V. Differences in nitrogen utilization were not explained by glutamine metabolism in human volunteers.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Biochemistry
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Elemental diets are used for nutritional repletion.
    • Previous studies reported differing nitrogen utilization from elemental diets.
    • The role of specific nutrient compositions, like glutamine, requires clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of two elemental diets (Diet C vs. Diet V) for nutritional repletion in malnourished primates.
    • To investigate the metabolic fate of glutamine nitrogen in human volunteers to explain observed differences in nitrogen utilization.

    Main Methods:

    • Repletion experiments in chair-adapted primates using two elemental diets administered via gastrostomy for 8 days.
    • Metabolic studies in normal human volunteers involving the administration of 15N-labeled glutamine, alanine, or ammonium chloride.

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    Main Results:

    • Diet C resulted in significantly greater weight gain, less decrease in serum albumin, increased total iron-binding capacity, and more positive nitrogen balance compared to Diet V in primates.
    • In human volunteers, similar amounts of 15N were excreted from glutamine and alanine within 10 hours.
    • The amido nitrogen of glutamine was not metabolized differently from the alpha-amino nitrogen of alanine.

    Conclusions:

    • Diet C is more effective for nutritional repletion in malnourished primates than Diet V.
    • The observed differences in nitrogen utilization between elemental diets are not attributable to the differential metabolism of glutamine's amido nitrogen.