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Supramolecular Chalcogen-Bonded Shape Memory Actuators.

Hongshuang Guo1, J Mikko Rautiainen2, Hao Zeng1

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stronger chalcogen bonds (ChBs) in liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) enable programmable shape memory and actuation. These materials can be used to create light-powered robots and temperature-responsive actuators.

Keywords:
ActuatorChalcogenChalcogen bondProgrammableShape memoryStamping

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are advanced materials with unique responsive properties.
  • Supramolecular chemistry offers pathways to engineer material characteristics through non-covalent interactions.
  • Chalcogen bonds (ChBs) are a class of non-covalent interactions with tunable strengths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate supramolecular LCEs incorporating ChBs for shape memory and actuation.
  • To explore the influence of ChB strength on the material's properties.
  • To demonstrate the potential applications of these functionalized LCEs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of LCEs with varying ChB strengths (Se⋯N and S⋯N).
  • Characterization of shape memory effects (SME) and actuation properties.
  • Spectroscopic analysis (Solid-state NMR, Raman) and computational modeling (DFT) to understand ChB interactions.

Main Results:

  • LCEs with strong Se⋯N ChBs (-40 to -43 kJ mol⁻¹) exhibited both SME and reversible actuation.
  • LCEs with weaker S⋯N ChBs (-32 to -34 kJ mol⁻¹) did not show these properties.
  • Se⋯N LCEs transitioned to two-way SME, enabling programmable 2D/3D shape transformations and rewritable patterns.
  • Demonstrated applications include light-powered crawling robots and temperature-responsive actuators.

Conclusions:

  • The strength and specificity of ChBs are critical for designing functional supramolecular LCEs.
  • These findings pave the way for advanced supramolecular actuators and shape-morphing LCEs.
  • The study provides molecular-level insights into ChB interactions within LCEs.