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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent electrostatic forces to...
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation01:24

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

When a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent, it results in the lowering of the freezing point of the solvent. This phenomenon is called freezing point depression. The extent to which the freezing point is lowered depends on the molality of the solute -the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent and the cryoscopic constant of the solvent.From the plot of chemical potential, μ, against temperature, it is evident that the μ of both solid and liquid solvents decrease with...

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Revealing Solvation within [l(-)-Menthol : Thymol] Deep Eutectic Solvents via Microfluidity Assessment.

Anushis Patra1, Shreya Juneja1, Siddharth Pandey1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
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Summary

This study explores deep eutectic solvents (DESs) made from menthol and thymol. These nonpolar DESs provide a homogeneous solvation environment, ideal for chemical synthesis and analysis applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer tunable properties for various applications.
  • Nonpolar DESs are desirable for specific chemical processes.
  • Understanding solvation behavior in DESs is crucial for their effective use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solvation environment of nonpolar deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of l(-)-menthol and thymol.
  • To evaluate the impact of composition and temperature on the microviscosity and solute dynamics within the (Men : Thy) DES system.
  • To assess the homogeneity of the solvation environment using multiple fluorescence probes.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of (Menthol : Thymol) DESs at nine different molar ratios.
  • Investigation across a temperature range of 293 to 363 K.
  • Utilized intramolecular excimer-forming, fluorescence anisotropy, and fluorescence intensity probes to study microviscosity and solute rotational diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Microviscosity (ln η_micro) correlated linearly with bulk viscosity (ln η) across all compositions and temperatures.
  • Intramolecular excimer formation rate constants (k_a) adhered to the Stokes-Einstein relationship (k_a vs. T/η).
  • Solute rotational diffusion followed the Perrin formulation, indicating a lack of significant microheterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The (Menthol : Thymol) deep eutectic solvent system provides a homogeneous solubilization environment.
  • This homogeneous environment is independent of both DES composition and temperature.
  • These findings highlight the potential of nonpolar (Men : Thy) DESs for chemical synthesis and analysis.