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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas
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Immunotherapy for atherosclerosis.

Claudia Monaco1, Coleen A McNamara2, Bram Slütter3

  • 1Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Physiological Reviews
|May 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of death, is an inflammatory disease involving immune cells. Emerging immunotherapies show promise for treating cardiovascular disease by targeting these immune responses.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiovascular diseaseimmunologyimmunotherapyinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease, primarily atherosclerosis, is a major global health burden.
  • Atherosclerosis is now understood as a lipid-driven inflammatory disease involving complex immune cell interactions within arteries.
  • Current treatments focus on lipids and hypertension, despite the established inflammatory nature of the disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest insights into the role of immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss current and future immunotherapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
  • To highlight the need for patient stratification in immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on atherosclerosis and immunology.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for immunotherapies targeting cardiovascular disease.
  • Synthesis of emerging concepts in immune system involvement in arterial disease.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials indicate that immunotherapies are generally well-tolerated and can reduce inflammation and cardiovascular endpoints.
  • The immune system, encompassing both innate and adaptive components, plays a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression.
  • A shift in understanding from lipid-driven to inflammatory pathogenesis necessitates new therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Atherosclerosis is fundamentally an inflammatory condition driven by immune system dysregulation.
  • Immunotherapy represents a promising frontier for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
  • Further research is needed to identify optimal immunotherapeutic targets and patient selection criteria.