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Commonly Held Beliefs About Myopia That Lack a Robust Evidence Base: 2025 Update.

Noel A Brennan1, Xu Cheng, Monica Jong

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evidence-based scrutiny reveals 0.01% atropine is not a frontline myopia control. Myopia management requires careful consideration of various factors, as the field continues to evolve with new insights.

Keywords:
Axial lengthChildrenComplianceMyopiaMyopia controlQuality of lifeSafetyVision

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Myopia, a prevalent refractive error, presents numerous areas of scientific debate regarding its development, progression, and management.
  • Understanding these contentious issues is crucial for effective clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate key areas of disagreement within the field of myopia using a rigorous evidence-based approach.
  • To revisit previously discussed topics and introduce new areas of contention for detailed analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of recent peer-reviewed literature was conducted.
  • Ten topics from a prior review were re-examined, alongside nine newly identified areas of debate.

Main Results:

  • 0.01% atropine is not recommended as a primary myopia control treatment.
  • The role of peripheral hyperopia in myopia remains uncertain.
  • Undercorrection and handheld digital devices are not proven to influence myopia progression.
  • Outdoor time, particularly daylight, shows potential for slowing myopic shift.
  • All myopia, not just high myopia, poses risks for serious eye complications.
  • Premyopia is a recognized condition, and myopia may be classified as a disease.
  • Adult myopia progression is significant, and past progression is an unreliable predictor for initiating treatment.
  • Single vision soft contact lenses are not myopiagenic, and contact lens wear in children is considered safe.
  • Red light therapy's safety in myopia management is questionable.

Conclusions:

  • The scientific understanding of myopia is dynamic, with some controversies resolved and new uncertainties emerging.
  • Continued research is necessary to address ongoing debates and clarify emerging questions in myopia.