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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
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Wettability-driven pore-filling instabilities: Microfluidic and numerical insights.

Lifei Yan1, Johannes C Müller2, Tycho L van Noorden3

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, Netherlands; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, Netherlands.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Wettability significantly impacts fluid flow in porous media, especially at low flow rates, influencing interface stability and pressure dynamics. This research clarifies wettability

Keywords:
Dynamic pore-fillingExperimental and numerical validationPore-scale interface dynamicsTwo-phase flowWettability effect

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase flow in porous media
  • Interface dynamics and stability
  • Surface wettability effects

Background:

  • Interface dynamics, like Haines jumps, are vital for understanding multiphase flow in porous media.
  • The precise role of intrinsic surface wettability in pore-filling events and the resulting pressure responses are not fully understood.
  • Further investigation is needed to clarify how wettability influences interface stability and pressure dynamics during fluid displacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of intrinsic surface wettability on interface stability during pore-filling events.
  • To investigate the pressure dynamics associated with wettability variations in porous media.
  • To provide critical insights for improving pore-network models and understanding wettability effects.

Main Methods:

  • Microfluidic experiments were conducted using a PDMS micro-model with controlled wettability (contact angles of 60°, 95°, and 120°).
  • Two-phase flow simulations using the level-set method were performed to model water displacing air or Fluorinert.
  • Experiments covered capillary- to viscous-dominated flow regimes across three injection velocities, with high-resolution imaging and synchronized pressure recordings.

Main Results:

  • At low capillary numbers, wettability significantly influenced burst pressure and interface pinning, with its effect diminishing at higher capillary numbers.
  • An apparent wettability shift was observed due to hysteresis, and a capillary pressure barrier was identified, linked to pore-wall slope variations.
  • Simulations successfully replicated experimental trends, confirming the crucial role of wettability in pore-scale displacement phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic surface wettability plays a critical role in dictating interface stability and pressure dynamics, particularly under low capillary number conditions.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between wettability, flow regime, and pore geometry in multiphase flow.
  • Findings offer valuable data for refining pore-network models and enhancing the understanding of wettability in diverse porous media applications.