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Updated: May 23, 2025

Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects

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Published on: April 11, 2012

Fracture Characteristics Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders to Inform Fracture

Sahil A Jha^1,2, Shannen M Bolde³, Edward A Hurvitz³

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR

|May 21, 2025

Summary

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience mostly low-energy fractures from falls and transfers, often in the extremities. Understanding these fracture patterns can inform targeted prevention strategies for this population.

Keywords:

autism fracture intellectual disability

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Public Health
Disability Studies

Background:

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face a higher risk of fractures.
Limited data exists on fracture characteristics in these populations, hindering prevention efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe fracture characteristics in adults with ID and/or ASD.
To analyze fracture-related activities, energy levels, and locations.
To identify patterns that can inform prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of 126 adults (≥18 years) with ID and/or ASD.
Analysis of medical records for fractures sustained between 2012 and 2021.
Fracture characteristics (location, energy, activity) described for the overall cohort and subgroups (ID only, ASD only, ID+ASD).

Main Results:

147 fractures analyzed; 32% were high-energy, varying by subgroup (24.1% ID only, 50.0% ASD only, 33.3% ID+ASD).
Common fracture-causing activities included low-impact falls, unwitnessed falls, and transfers.
Fractures most frequently occurred in lower extremities (ID groups) or upper extremities (ASD only).

Conclusions:

Most fractures in adults with ID and/or ASD are low-energy, occurring in extremities, with variations across subgroups.
Identified fracture-causing activities provide insights for developing targeted prevention interventions.
Findings underscore the need for tailored fracture prevention in adults with ID and ASD, regardless of age.