Self-Management in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence

BackgroundThere is a need to strengthen the existing qualitative literature to begin exploring the self-management experiences of individuals with bipolar disorder.AimThis meta-synthesis aimed to identify the common components of self-management in individuals with bipolar disorder and provide a synthesis of the qualitative literature on self-management strategies and patients' experiences with bipolar disorder.MethodThe SPIDER framework tool guided the development of an appropriate search strategy. Studies published between 2011 and 2023 in widely used health databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct, were searched. Included studies underwent quality assessment, and data were synthesized and analyzed using the thematic synthesis method.ResultsThe synthesis identified four analytical themes, encompassing 14 subthemes. These themes include (a) understanding bipolar disorder, (b) coping strategies, (c) changing lifestyle behaviors, and (d) social support. Most of the included studies encompassed self-management strategies and experiences developed to cope with the symptoms of the illness.ConclusionsIndividuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder identified effective self-management strategies, including exercising, regular and sufficient sleep routines, and maintaining social connections. They stressed the importance of being competent, self-aware, and resourceful. Additionally, understanding how they perceived bipolar disorder was crucial for making sense of past mood experiences.