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Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
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Updated: May 23, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Toronto Ethnically Diverse face database: a multi-faceted stimulus set.

Menahal Latif1, Nicole Sugden1, Maire L O'Hagan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Toronto Ethnically Diverse (TED) face database offers 271 diverse adult models for research. This open-access resource enhances studies on face perception, cognition, and emotion across various ethnicities.

Keywords:
emotion expressionethnically diverseeye gazeface perceptionface stimuli

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Existing face databases often lack ethnic and emotional diversity, limiting research scope.
  • Diverse face stimuli are crucial for unbiased investigation of perceptual, cognitive, social, and emotional processes.
  • Addressing these limitations aids in studying the effects of ethnicity on human perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the Toronto Ethnically Diverse (TED) face database.
  • Provide an open-access resource with diverse adult models for psychological and neuroimaging research.
  • Facilitate research on underrepresented groups and broad face perception studies.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a database of 271 unique adult models representing diverse ethnicities (White, Black, East-Asian, South-Asian, South-East Asian, Middle Eastern, Multi-racial, Indigenous).
  • Included variations in pose, gaze direction, and three emotional expressions (neutral, open-mouth happiness, closed-mouth happiness).
  • Collected validation data assessing emotional expression accuracy, inter-rater reliability, intensity, and genuineness.

Main Results:

  • The TED database features 271 models with diverse ethnic backgrounds and demographic representation.
  • Validation data confirmed high inter-rater reliability and accuracy in judging emotional expressions.
  • Stimuli demonstrated high fidelity in conveying intended emotions, with intensity and genuineness ratings provided.

Conclusions:

  • The Toronto Ethnically Diverse (TED) face database is a valuable, open-access resource for researchers.
  • Its diversity mitigates biases and enables novel investigations into ethnicity's effects on face perception.
  • The database supports broad research applications in psychology, neuroimaging, and social sciences.