Use of Limonium vulgare Mill. and Stevia in Rice Pudding Production and Determination of Quality Parameters During...

In recent times, the increasing prevalence of health problems such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes has led consumers to seek healthier food options. There has been a growing trend toward natural alternative foods for healthy eating. People are increasingly turning to low-calorie functional foods. In this study, stevia, an alternative to sugar, and Limonium vulgare Mill., which is particularly rich in phenolic compounds and has high antioxidant activity, were used in the production of rice pudding (a Turkish milk pudding) with the aim of reducing sugar usage. Thus, a new functional dessert product was produced. As a result, rice pudding samples were produced with the addition of stevia, sugar, Limonium vulgare Mill. extract at determined ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%), and sugar with Limonium vulgare Mill. liquid extract at determined ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%). Some quality parameters of the obtained rice pudding samples were examined. The dry matter values of the samples were found to be in the range of 21.20-25.63, L* values 74.41-83.32, a* values 2.20-7.14, b* values 18.34-21.92, pH values 6.96-7.56, and water holding capacity values 29.73-74.08. When the overall liking scores were examined, the sample containing stevia +10% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract received the highest score on the first day of storage, while the sample containing stevia +15% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract received the highest score on the last day of storage. The total phenolic content increased with the increasing amount of added extract. The %DPPH inhibition increased proportionally with both the increasing amount of added extract and the storage time. In terms of microbiology, the yeast and mold count was at its maximum level in the sample containing stevia +15% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract, while no total coliform group microorganisms were found in any of the samples. The major volatile compounds identified in the sütlaç samples were benzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, 2-nonanone oxime, methoxyphenyl, vanillin, and 18,18'-bi-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclononadecane. Samples containing sugar combined with 5%-15% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract, as well as those containing stevia and 15% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract, exhibited HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural). Conversely, no hydroxymethylfurfural was detected in samples containing both sugar and stevia, or in those containing only Limonium vulgare Mill. extract at different concentrations. Our results indicate that substituting sugar with stevia in rice pudding formulations may mitigate hydroxymethylfurfural accumulation in specific formulations. With this study, the contributions of stevia and 10%-15% Limonium vulgare Mill. extract to the model food were investigated, and the usable ratios were determined. As a result of the analyses, the usability and acceptability of stevia and Limonium vulgare Mill. extract were determined, and their use in foods will be widespread.