May we have your attention, please? Adult-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Area of Science:

• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Adult psychiatry
• Clinical psychology

Background:

• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is traditionally viewed as a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder.
• A growing number of adults without documented childhood impairment are seeking ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
• Current diagnostic criteria may not fully capture the nuances of adult-onset or adult-manifesting ADHD.

Discussion:

• This editorial proposes a re-evaluation of how ADHD is conceptualized in adults.
• Focusing on impairment and distress in adulthood, regardless of childhood symptom presentation, is crucial.
• This shift aims to improve understanding and treatment of inattention and disorganization in the adult population.

Key Insights:

• Adult ADHD diagnosis is increasing, even without a history of childhood symptoms.
• Conceptualizing ADHD solely as a childhood disorder may lead to underdiagnosis in adults.
• Recognizing adult-onset or adult-manifesting ADHD is essential for effective clinical practice.

Outlook:

• Future psychiatric frameworks should incorporate a broader understanding of ADHD across the lifespan.
• Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria for adult ADHD.
• This conceptual shift could lead to improved interventions and support for adults experiencing ADHD-related challenges.