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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...

Flail Chest-II

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Published on: February 17, 2023

Case Report: Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Resolved by Double External Defibrillation and Beta Blockade.

Humza Khan¹, Jennifer Campoli¹, Susan Wojcik¹

¹Upstate Medical University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Syracuse, New York.

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine

|May 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Double external defibrillation (DED) combined with esmolol beta blockade offers a potential new treatment for refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF). This case report shows promising results for this novel approach in a critical cardiac emergency.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Emergency Medicine
Pharmacology

Background:

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Last Updated: May 23, 2025

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

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Published on: February 17, 2023

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

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Published on: January 31, 2019

Refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) has a high mortality rate, often exceeding 97%.
Current treatment for RVF lacks a universally accepted protocol beyond standard defibrillation and medications like amiodarone and epinephrine.
A novel approach involving double external defibrillation (DED) and esmolol-induced beta blockade has emerged in limited case reports since 2015.