High-Sensitivity Blood Cell Detection via Terahertz Refractive Index Sensing in Biomedical Applications

Biosensors are essential tools for detecting and analyzing various elements of human biology. This study introduces an innovative circular-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexahedron core for the precise detection of blood components. The sensor's performance evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The finite element methods (FEM) is applied to solve Maxwell's equations and perform simulations across a terahertz (THz) frequency range from 1.0 to 3.0 THz. This comprehensive investigation focuses on optimizing several important optical parameters, including relative sensitivity (RS), confinement loss (CL), effective mode area (EMA), and birefringence, etc. for enhancing the detection of various blood components. The Optical sensor is constructed by  Topas as cladding material. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance with RS of approximately 95.02% for glucose, 95.48% for plasma, 96.30% for white blood cells (WBCs), and 97.04% for red blood cells (RBCs) at an operational frequency of 2.20 THz. Thus the proposed sensor can provide reliable and accurate measurements across different blood components in advanced biomedical applications.