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Postnatal lead exposure and the cholinergic system.

D P Alfano, T L Petit

    Physiology & Behavior
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Early lead (Pb) exposure in rats impaired learning and memory. Cholinergic drug treatments reversed these effects, suggesting lead-induced behavioral changes stem from impaired cholinergic function.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Toxicology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Early lead (Pb) exposure is linked to behavioral deficits.
    • Cholinergic system dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism for these effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of cholinergic function in the behavioral effects of early lead exposure.
    • To determine if modulating cholinergic activity can ameliorate lead-induced behavioral impairments.

    Main Methods:

    • Long-Evans hooded rat pups were exposed to lead (High Pb, low Pb, or control) via maternal milk for 25 days.
    • Animals were behaviorally tested at 65 days of age using tasks assessing passive avoidance, spontaneous alternation, and open field activity.
    • The effects of cholinergic agonist (physostigmine) and antagonist (scopolamine) were examined in control and lead-exposed rats.

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    Main Results:

    • Lead exposure impaired passive avoidance acquisition and spontaneous alternation but not open field activity.
    • Physostigmine improved behavioral deficits in lead-exposed rats.
    • Scopolamine mimicked some lead-induced deficits in control rats and showed complex effects in lead-exposed rats, suggesting an inverted U-shaped dose-response.

    Conclusions:

    • Behavioral responses of lead-exposed rats are consistent with cholinergic deficiency.
    • These findings provide further evidence for the involvement of the cholinergic system in the behavioral consequences of early lead exposure.