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Construction of a Taiwanese (Han and Indigenous) version of Positive Youth Development Scale-Short and Very Short
Pei-Jung Yang1, Pei-Chiang Lee2, Meredith McGinley3
1Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Chengchi University.
Abstract:
This study investigated the construction of shortened Five Cs measures of positive youth development (PYD) for middle adolescents in the Taiwanese context. Based on a three-cohort sequential design, a total of 855 adolescents (55.6% Han and 44.4% Indigenous; mean ages were 12.98, 13.92, and 14.83, respectively, for the seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade data) were included. Respective Positive Youth Development-Short Form (PYD-SF) and Positive Youth Development-Very Short Form (PYD-VSF) Five Cs measures were constructed specifically for Han and Indigenous Taiwanese adolescents. The Five Cs bifactor structure was evident and appeared to be generally similar across grades for the PYD-SF during middle adolescence, whereas a Four Cs (Confidence, Connection, Character, Caring) structure emerged for the PYD-VSF for both Han and Indigenous groups. The exclusion of Competence in the VSF structure particularly highlights the specific scholastic context in Taiwan. The general PYD factor was associated with greater chances of helping behaviors and community involvement and fewer depressive symptoms for both groups in PYD-SF and PYD-VSF, supporting the validity of these forms and the use of the general PYD factor as an indicator for positive development for youth in the Majority World. Despite the limitations discussed, we believe our results may serve as an exemplar for the optimization of the measurement of PYD in today's diverse youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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