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Menopause-related changes to maxillary trabecular bone micro-architecture.

Alexandra Stein1, Michael Levit1, Hammaad Shah1

  • 1College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.

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|May 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause significantly alters maxillary bone density in midlife women, impacting orthodontic treatment planning. Postmenopausal women exhibit increased bone separation in the incisive foramen and decreased bone volume and density in the maxillary tuberosity.

Keywords:
bone densitycone beam computed tomographymaxillamenopauseorthodontics

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry and Oral Health
  • Bone Biology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Midlife women are increasingly seeking orthodontic treatment.
  • Menopause may affect bone density, potentially impacting orthodontic treatment outcomes.
  • Limited recent research exists on menopausal effects on human maxillary trabecular bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in maxillary trabecular bone density in pre- and postmenopausal women.
  • To assess the impact of menopause on specific bone parameters within the maxilla.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional cohort study comparing premenopausal (N=21) and postmenopausal (N=19) women.
  • Analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the incisive foramen and maxillary tuberosity.
  • Quantification of trabecular bone volume fraction (BVF), thickness, number, and separation after converting scans to binary images.

Main Results:

  • Postmenopausal women showed increased trabecular separation in the incisive foramen (P < 0.06).
  • Significant decreases in bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) (P < 0.004) and bone surface/tissue volume (P < 0.001) were observed in the maxillary tuberosity of postmenopausal women.
  • Increased trabecular separation was also noted in the maxillary tuberosity for postmenopausal women (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Menopause is associated with statistically significant differences in maxillary bone density.
  • These changes, particularly at the maxillary tuberosity and incisive foramen, warrant consideration in orthodontic treatment planning for midlife women.