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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Ovarian Cancer Screening: 2024 Update.

, Aradhana M Venkatesan1, Aoife Kilcoyne2

  • 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
|May 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pelvic ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended for average-risk individuals due to insufficient evidence of mortality benefit. Limited data suggest potential use in high-risk patients, but further research is needed.

Keywords:
AUCAppropriateness Criteriaappropriate use criteriagynecologyimagingovarian cancerradiologyscreeningultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer has high mortality despite low prevalence.
  • Early detection of aggressive, high-grade malignancies improves survival.
  • Population-based screening for ovarian cancer remains an area of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the role of imaging for ovarian cancer screening.
  • To evaluate screening in both average-risk and high-risk patient populations.
  • To inform clinical practice guidelines regarding ovarian cancer screening.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized and observational trials.
  • Analysis of data evaluating pelvic ultrasound for ovarian cancer screening.
  • Application of evidence-based methodology, including GRADE and RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

Main Results:

  • Insufficient evidence supports routine pelvic ultrasound screening for average-risk ovarian cancer patients.
  • Randomized controlled trials have not shown a mortality benefit for screening in this group.
  • Pelvic ultrasound may be considered for select high-risk patients, but data are limited.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support general ovarian cancer screening with pelvic ultrasound for average-risk individuals.
  • Further large-scale randomized trials are necessary to establish the efficacy of screening in high-risk populations.
  • Expert opinion and established methodologies guide recommendations in the absence of robust data.