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Factors Associated With Blood Pressure in School-Age Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Shameka Rodgers Phillips1, Laura Gray2, Ann Hammack Johnson3
1Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Western Journal of Nursing Research
|May 24, 2025
Summary
Body mass index (BMI) is a primary factor influencing blood pressure (BP) in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The percentage of total sleep time (TST) with adequate end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) also affects BP, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Sleep Medicine
- Cardiology
Background:
- Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) face heightened risks for elevated blood pressure (BP).
- Factors like sleep disturbances, oxygen levels, and body mass index (BMI) are implicated in BP changes, but their specific roles in school-aged children with OSA require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with blood pressure (BP) in school-aged children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Main Methods:
- Secondary data analysis of 163 school-aged children from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.
- Cross-sectional study examining relationships between BP and variables including BMI, sleep parameters, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).
Main Results:
- Positive correlations were observed between BMI percentiles and both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).
- The association between BMI percentiles and DBP remained significant after adjusting for race and OSA severity.
- DBP also showed a positive relationship with the percentage of total sleep time (TST) with end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) ≥50 mmHg, even after controlling for BMI, OSA severity, and race.
Conclusions:
- Body mass index (BMI) emerges as a key determinant of BP in school-aged children with OSA.
- The percentage of TST with adequate ETCO2 levels is another significant factor impacting BP in this population.
- Comprehensive assessment of polysomnographic data is crucial for evaluating BP risks and comorbidities in children with OSA.
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