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Factors Associated With Blood Pressure in School-Age Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Shameka Rodgers Phillips1, Laura Gray2, Ann Hammack Johnson3

  • 1Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|May 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Body mass index (BMI) is a primary factor influencing blood pressure (BP) in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The percentage of total sleep time (TST) with adequate end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) also affects BP, warranting further investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) face heightened risks for elevated blood pressure (BP).
  • Factors like sleep disturbances, oxygen levels, and body mass index (BMI) are implicated in BP changes, but their specific roles in school-aged children with OSA require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with blood pressure (BP) in school-aged children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of 163 school-aged children from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.
  • Cross-sectional study examining relationships between BP and variables including BMI, sleep parameters, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).

Main Results:

  • Positive correlations were observed between BMI percentiles and both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).
  • The association between BMI percentiles and DBP remained significant after adjusting for race and OSA severity.
  • DBP also showed a positive relationship with the percentage of total sleep time (TST) with end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) ≥50 mmHg, even after controlling for BMI, OSA severity, and race.

Conclusions:

  • Body mass index (BMI) emerges as a key determinant of BP in school-aged children with OSA.
  • The percentage of TST with adequate ETCO2 levels is another significant factor impacting BP in this population.
  • Comprehensive assessment of polysomnographic data is crucial for evaluating BP risks and comorbidities in children with OSA.
Abstract

Keywords:
blood pressurebody mass indexchildobstructive sleep apneapolysomnographyschool-agesleep

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