Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of magnetoliposomes in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

This study examines and evaluates the potential lethality of the highly mobile phospholipid bilayer of magnetoliposomes (MNLPS). Ferrous oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) measuring less than 20 nm in diameter were synthesized and enclosed within liposomes made of single and mixed phospholipids, yielding liposomes with diameters of approximately 200 nm. The physical attributes of the MNPs, including magnetic susceptibility, Zeta potential, size distribution, optical anisotropy spectrum, and nonlinear optical properties, were carefully measured. The liposomes were synthesized via the rotary evaporation method and contained a significant concentration of MNPs. The size distribution and Zeta potential of the magnetoliposomes (MNLPS) were examined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gel-to-liquid crystalline transition characteristics of the ML were examined utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and depolarized light scattering. The nonlinear optical spectra of the MNP and ML were analyzed below and above their primary transition temperature. The potential cytotoxicity of the ML against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was examined with and without a rotating magnetic field. This work successfully produced liposome-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles using alternating magnetic field therapy for potential cancer cell eradication. The DLS, Zeta potential, and TEM analyses validated the suitable particle size distribution. The magnetic susceptibility measurements verified that the magnetic properties of the liposome-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles fall within the permitted range. Consequently, magnetoliposomes subjected to a highly mobile alternating magnetic field are advocated as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment, showing potential in vitro efficacy. The findings of our MTT assay show that MNLPS may show improved efficacy when subjected to magnetic field irradiation. Treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with MNLPS, followed by magnetic field irradiation, significantly exhibited enhanced toxicity. The increased cytotoxicity of the combination therapy against cancer cells is due to membrane permeability, improved intracellular uptake of magnetoliposomes, and hyperthermia. Additional research is necessary to determine the optimal doses of MNLPS, intensity, duration of exposure, mobility, setup of the magnetic field, and type for magnetic field application.