Non coding RNA biomarkers in pemphigus disease.

Area of Science:

• Immunodermatology
• Molecular Biology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies targeting desmosomal cadherins, leading to skin blistering and adhesion loss.
• Current pemphigus diagnostics rely on invasive biopsies and serology, often lacking predictive power for disease progression or treatment response.
• There is a critical need for reliable biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy, monitor disease activity, and personalize treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in pemphigus pathogenesis.
• To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of ncRNAs in pemphigus.
• To explore therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNA expression in pemphigus.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating ncRNAs in pemphigus.
• Analysis of the regulatory functions of specific miRNAs and lncRNAs in pemphigus immunopathogenesis.
• Assessment of the clinical translation potential and challenges of ncRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics.

Main Results:

• Dysregulated ncRNAs, such as specific miRNAs and lncRNAs, are implicated in pemphigus by influencing key immune pathways and keratinocyte adhesion.
• ncRNAs demonstrate potential as stable, specific biomarkers for pemphigus diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.
• Modulating ncRNA expression presents emerging therapeutic avenues for pemphigus treatment.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs represent promising candidates for improving pemphigus diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment personalization.
• Further research is needed to overcome challenges in clinical translation and integrate ncRNAs into patient care.
• Future directions focus on leveraging ncRNAs for precision medicine approaches in managing pemphigus patients.