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Vaccines in Melanoma: Past, Present, and Future
Lindsay A Janes1, Tarek Haykal2, Christina V Angeles3
1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
None:
While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has significantly improved the outcomes for advanced melanoma patients, more than 50% of patients do not respond. Cancer vaccines can induce a robust anti-tumor immune response, which may provide the necessary immunomodulation required for ICI efficacy. To date, there has only been modest clinical benefit with melanoma vaccines. Recent advancements with improved vaccine technology including the use of mRNA vaccines have promised to lead better clinical outcomes. This review will discuss the historical use of vaccines for melanoma, approaches to vaccine development, the current ongoing trials, and future directions.
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