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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology
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Identification of RMP24 and RMP64, human ribonuclease MRP-specific protein components.

Rui Che1, Bhoomi Mirani1, Monireh Panah1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; Clemson University Center for Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.

Cell Reports
|May 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified two new proteins, RMP24 and RMP64, essential for human RNase MRP function in precursor rRNA processing. These findings reveal unique protein components of this crucial ribonucleoprotein enzyme.

Keywords:
CP: Molecular biologyCRISPR screeningforward geneticshigh-throughput screeningribonuclease P/MRPstructure

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzyme crucial for precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) processing.
  • It is related to RNase P, sharing some protein subunits but differing in catalytic RNAs and specific proteins.
  • The specific protein components of human RNase MRP have remained unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the unique protein subunits of human RNase MRP.
  • To characterize the function of these novel subunits in pre-rRNA processing.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide forward genetic screening was employed to identify candidate genes.
  • Functional assays were performed to assess the role of identified genes in pre-rRNA processing.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine protein-RNA associations.

Main Results:

  • Two previously uncharacterized human genes, RMP24 and RMP64, were identified.
  • RMP24 and RMP64 are essential for pre-rRNA processing at ITS1 site 2.
  • These proteins associate with MRP RNA but not with RNase P-specific H1 RNA.
  • RMP24 and RMP64 show predicted structural similarities to yeast RNase MRP-specific proteins.

Conclusions:

  • RMP24 and RMP64 are unique protein components of human nuclear RNase MRP.
  • These findings elucidate the composition of a key ribonucleoprotein enzyme involved in ribosome biogenesis.