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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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Thyroidectomy in children⋆,⋆⋆.

Flávio Carneiro Hojaij1, Onivaldo Cervantes2, Cindel Nogueira Zulino3

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), LIM 02, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|May 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric thyroidectomy can lead to complications like hypoparathyroidism and vocal fold paralysis. High-volume surgical teams are crucial for managing these risks in pediatric thyroid surgery.

Keywords:
ChildrenThyroid glandThyroidectomies

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy in children is less common than in adults.
  • Understanding the risks and outcomes is vital for surgical planning and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the surgical approach and postoperative outcomes of pediatric thyroidectomy.
  • To identify the incidence of adverse events following the procedure in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 59 pediatric patients (aged 3-18 years) who underwent thyroidectomy.
  • Data collected from outpatient postoperative follow-ups between 2003 and 2019.
  • Operations performed at university and private tertiary hospitals.

Main Results:

  • Observed postoperative complications included three tracheostomies, 22 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism, eight cases of definitive hypoparathyroidism, and three cases of vocal fold paralysis.
  • The study highlights specific adverse events encountered in pediatric thyroid surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric thyroidectomy is associated with a notable rate of complications.
  • Performing this surgery requires a specialized, high-volume surgical team to minimize adverse events.
  • Awareness of potential complications is essential for healthcare providers.