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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
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Left Ventral Caudate Functional Connectivity Mediates the Relationship Between Habitual Responding and Alcohol Use.

Lindsey R Fisher-Fox1, Mario Dzemidzic2, McKenzie R Cox3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|May 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Habit formation may contribute to alcohol use disorder (AUD) through brain changes in the ventral caudate. This study tested a habit measure (SOAT) and brain connectivity in heavy drinkers.

Keywords:
functional magnetic resonance imaginghabitual behaviourhumanintravenous alcohol self‐administrationresting state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Preclinical research suggests habitual behavior is key in alcohol use disorder (AUD) development.
  • Human studies on the link between habit formation and AUD remain inconclusive.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of habit in humans is crucial for AUD research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the Slips of Action Task (SOAT) as a measure of habit formation in humans.
  • To identify brain-based mechanisms linking habit formation to alcohol consumption patterns.
  • To explore the role of the ventral striatum (including nucleus accumbens) and caudate in habit-related alcohol use.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-six heavy drinkers completed self-report measures and the SOAT.
  • Participants underwent a 2.5-hour intravenous alcohol self-administration session.
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess functional connectivity (FC) between seed regions (ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens, dorsal caudate) and the whole brain.

Main Results:

  • Lower SOAT scores (indicating higher habit formation) correlated with specific patterns of functional connectivity.
  • Negative FC between the left ventral caudate and left middle frontal gyrus was associated with SOAT scores.
  • A significant indirect relationship was found between SOAT scores and average drinks per drinking day, mediated by FC between the left ventral caudate and left middle frontal gyrus.

Conclusions:

  • Habit formation's association with alcohol use may be mediated by neuroadaptations within the ventral caudate.
  • The SOAT shows promise as an objective measure of habit in human alcohol research.
  • Further research is needed to comprehensively characterize habit formation in AUD using diverse methodologies.