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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Photoswitchable Antimicrobial Metallohelices.

Changhao Liu1, Mi Li2, Xinyu Wang1

  • 1Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral metallo-helical complexes with transazobenzene units show reversible photochemical transformations. Irradiation enhances their antibacterial activity by disrupting cell membranes.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial agentMetallohelicesPhotoswitchSelf‐assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Coordination chemistry
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Chiral subcomponent self-assembly enables the creation of complex molecular architectures.
  • Metallo-supramolecular systems offer tunable properties for various applications.
  • Azobenzene units are known for their photoresponsive behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize optically pure chiral metallo-helical species.
  • To investigate the photochemical transformation of these helical complexes.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the different states and understand their mechanism of action.

Main Methods:

  • Chiral subcomponent self-assembly using Zn and Fe(II) ions.
  • Spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, circular dichroism, NMR).
  • X-ray crystallography and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Antibacterial assays (MIC determination) and cell permeability tests.
  • Electron microscopy for visualizing cellular effects.

Main Results:

  • Optically pure chiral metallo-helical complexes incorporating transazobenzene units were successfully synthesized.
  • A highly reversible, stepwise photochemical transformation to an all-cis state was observed upon UV irradiation (365 nm).
  • Structural integrity and optical purity were maintained throughout the photochemical transformation.
  • The all-trans state showed low to moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria, while the all-cis state exhibited up to an eight-fold reduction in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).
  • Mechanism of action involves membrane disruption, with the all-cis state being more effective due to its compact structure.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral metallo-helical complexes can undergo controlled photochemical transformations.
  • Photoisomerization of azobenzene units significantly modulates the antibacterial efficacy of these supramolecular systems.
  • The enhanced activity of the all-cis photoproduct is attributed to its distinct supramolecular conformation facilitating membrane disruption.