Recent advances in antibacterial nanoformulations for endodontic applications

Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for developing new biomedical materials and improving existing dental techniques, particularly in endodontics. Advances in antibacterial nanoformulations could revolutionize root canal treatment by overcoming challenges such as anatomical complexity, bacterial biofilms, and disinfectant resistance. Nanoparticles in disinfectants and sealers enhance infection control, while in regenerative therapies, they aid in bioactive compound release and scaffold enhancement.

This review explores recent research developments in antibacterial nanoformulations tailored for endodontic applications. It covers the principles of endodontic therapy, current protocols, efficacy rates, limitations, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of nanoparticle integration. Additionally, it discusses different nanoparticle types, their efficacy, biocompatibility, and mechanisms of action against endodontic pathogens. The references examined in this review are primarily drawn from studies conducted over the last decade, ensuring an up-to-date perspective on the topic.

We provide an overview of the transformative potential of antibacterial nanoformulations in endodontics, highlighting their advantages over conventional methods, which often show low effectiveness against endodontic flora, application challenges, and high reactivity with biological tissues. Chitosan, silver, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles have shown strong antimicrobial activity and superior dentinal penetration. Integration into irrigants, sealers, and regenerative scaffolds, enhance efficacy while maintaining or improving material properties. Ongoing research is essential to optimize their design, ensure safety, and support regulatory approval. These innovations may redefine clinical standards and improve treatment outcomes in endodontics.