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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Treatment with Vancomycin Loaded Calcium Sulphate and Autogenous Bone in an Improved Rabbit Model of Bone Infection
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Jaw Osteomyelitis.

Carlos Alejandro Portales Castillo1, Mohammad Mousavian2, Zachary Peacock2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|May 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mandibular osteomyelitis, often from dental issues, requires careful diagnosis and treatment. Collaboration between surgical and medical specialists is key for managing this challenging bone infection and restoring function.

Keywords:
ActinomycosisJawMRONJMandibleORNOsteomyelitisOsteonecrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mandibular osteomyelitis commonly stems from oral flora following dental infections or procedures.
  • Underlying mandible pathology can predispose patients to this condition.
  • Distinguishing osteomyelitis from osteonecrosis is diagnostically challenging due to overlapping symptoms and test results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the complexities in diagnosing and managing mandibular osteomyelitis.
  • To emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in treating mandible infections.
  • To outline goals for optimizing patient outcomes in mandibular osteomyelitis cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of mandibular osteomyelitis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including differentiation from osteonecrosis.
  • Discussion of multidisciplinary management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Mandibular infections are frequently linked to oral flora and dental procedures.
  • Osteonecrotic conditions complicate diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis.
  • Effective management necessitates a combined surgical and medical approach.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized diagnosis and treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis require integrated care.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for controlling infection and preserving function.
  • Addressing underlying pathology and differentiating from osteonecrosis are vital for successful management.