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Ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis.

J R Gonder, J Nichol, J J Augsburger

    Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ocular melanocytosis, a condition of increased melanin in the eye, frequently affects the choroid and episclera. While most cases involve diffuse pigmentation, some develop uveal malignant melanoma.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Dermatology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Ocular melanocytosis is a benign hyperpigmentation condition.
    • It can be isolated to the eye (ocular melanocytosis) or involve the skin (oculodermal melanocytosis).
    • Understanding ocular structure involvement is crucial for monitoring potential complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review cases of ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis.
    • To identify the specific ocular structures affected by melanocytic hyperpigmentation.
    • To investigate the association between ocular melanocytosis and uveal malignant melanoma.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 33 cases (27 ocular, 6 oculodermal melanocytosis).
    • Clinical documentation of melanocytic hyperpigmentation distribution within ocular structures.
    • Analysis of the incidence of uveal malignant melanoma in affected eyes.

    Main Results:

    • Ocular melanocytosis involved the choroid and episclera in all subjects.
    • Anterior chamber angle and iris were commonly affected.
    • Ten patients developed uveal malignant melanoma; three originated in hyperpigmented sectors.
    • Melanocytic involvement of the trabecular meshwork did not correlate with elevated intraocular pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • Ocular melanocytosis frequently affects deep ocular structures like the choroid and episclera.
    • There is an increased risk of developing uveal malignant melanoma in eyes with ocular melanocytosis.
    • Further research is needed to understand the specific risk factors and management strategies.

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