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Updated: May 12, 2026

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: May 21, 2019
TIR-mediated immune signaling through the EDS1:PAD4:ADR1 node is conserved in monocots and dicots
Natsumi Maruta1, Mitchell Sorbello1, Bostjan Kobe1
1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Abstract:
Plants defend themselves against pathogens by activating two interconnected layers of immunity: pattern- and effector-triggered immunity. Recent studies shed light on a number of unanswered questions in these pathways and demonstrate a conserved structural basis, in monocots and dicots, of signaling through the EDS1:PAD4:ADR1 module, downstream of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing immune receptors that cleave the dinucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The studies define a new function for TIR domain proteins in monocots and suggest that the signaling molecule 5″-phosphoribosyl (pRib)-AMP is derived from the TIR product 2'-adenosine diphosphate ribose (2'cADPR). These findings have important implications for developing the strategies to breed resistant crops.
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