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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

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Published on: May 26, 2022

Overcoming Disparities in Using SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection in Persons With and Without Type 2

Gwendolyne A Jack¹, Eleonora Avenatti², Sangeeta R Kashyap¹

¹Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10065, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

|May 27, 2025

Summary

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show cardio-kidney benefits, yet disparities in use persist, especially in women and minority groups. Addressing these gaps is crucial for equitable patient outcomes in type 2 diabetes, heart, and kidney disease.

Keywords:

SGLT2i cardiovascular disease chronic kidney disease diabetes mellitus disparities

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Nephrology
Endocrinology

Background:

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) offer significant cardio-kidney benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Despite established guidelines, substantial disparities exist in SGLT2i utilization, particularly affecting women, minority races, and lower socioeconomic status populations.
Underrepresentation of these demographic groups in clinical trials may contribute to suboptimal treatment patterns and poorer health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and highlight existing disparities in SGLT2i use across populations with T2D, CKD, heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD).
To examine factors influencing SGLT2i prescription patterns and their impact on clinical outcomes.
To summarize strategies for improving SGLT2i adoption and other cardioprotective therapies in real-world settings.

Main Methods:

Literature review of clinical trials and observational studies focusing on SGLT2i use in T2D, CKD, HF, and ASCVD.
Analysis of factors contributing to prescribing disparities, including socioeconomic status, race, and gender.
Evaluation of strategies aimed at enhancing SGLT2i adoption and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

Significant disparities in SGLT2i prescribing are evident across various patient demographics and disease states.
Underrepresentation in trials and socioeconomic factors contribute to inequitable access to SGLT2i.
Evidence suggests that targeted strategies can improve the adoption of SGLT2i and cardioprotective agents.

Conclusions:

Closing the gap between SGLT2i guidelines and real-world practice is essential to mitigate disparities.
Multifaceted approaches are needed to ensure equitable access to SGLT2i for all patients with T2D, CVD, and CKD.
Improving SGLT2i adoption can lead to better clinical outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality rates.