Design, Synthesis and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Pyrazole-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids

A novel pyrazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were developed and evaluated for its glucosidase inhibitory effects. The targeted 1,2,3-triazole hybrids were obtained from the copper-catalyzed reaction between azide and pyrazole alkyne in dichloromethane at room temperature. Compounds with 4-nitro and 4-chloro groups, respectively, proved the most significant, promising α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.35 and 6.58 µM, related to the cited inhibitor, acarbose (IC₅₀ = 3.86 µM). Further, molecular docking studies of the most active compounds were carried out, and the results demonstrated considerable binding modes in the active site of the human lysosomal acid-alpha-glucosidase enzyme. In addition, the density functional theory was carried out to predict the electronic properties of active ligands. Structure-activity relationship analysis implied that the electron-leaving functions at the para position account for the variable enzyme inhibition. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic agents may assist as structural models in exploring diabetes mellitus.