Field-Effect Transistor Based on Nanocrystalline Graphite for DNA Immobilization

In recent years, field-effect transistors (FETs) based on graphene have attracted significant interest due to their unique electrical properties and their potential for biosensing and molecular detection applications. This study uses FETs with a nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) channel to detect DNA nucleobases. The exceptional electronic properties of NCG, and its high surface area, enable strong π-π stacking interactions with DNA nucleobases, promoting efficient adsorption and stabilization of the biomolecules. The direct attachment of nucleobases to the NCG channel leads to substantial changes in the device's electrical characteristics, which can be measured in real time to assess DNA binding and sequence recognition. This method enables highly sensitive, label-free DNA detection, opening up new possibilities for rapid genetic analysis and diagnostics. Understanding the interactions between DNA nucleobases and graphene-based materials is crucial for advancing genetic research and biotechnology, paving the way for more accurate and efficient diagnostic tools.