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Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Robotic Systems in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review
Ishith Seth1,2,3, Kaiyang Lim3, Edmond Chang1
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 28, 2025
Summary
Robotic surgery enhances precision in plastic and reconstructive procedures, improving outcomes in microsurgery and breast reconstruction. Challenges like cost and learning curves remain, but future integration with AI is expected.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Technology
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Background:
- Robotic systems offer precision and enhanced visualization beneficial for complex plastic surgery.
- Despite benefits, robotic technology adoption in plastic surgery lags behind other specialties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review robotic surgery applications, outcomes, and limitations in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Main Methods:
- PRISMA guidelines followed for a systematic search (1980-2025) across major databases.
- Included clinical studies; excluded cadaveric, animal, and non-English research.
- Data extraction and quality assessment used validated tools.
Main Results:
- Robotic surgery primarily used in microsurgery (16 studies), breast reconstruction (8), and craniofacial/aesthetic surgery (7).
- Improved precision, aesthetics, flap survival, and patient satisfaction noted, especially in lymphaticovenous anastomosis and nipple-sparing mastectomy.
- Challenges include steep learning curves, longer operative times, high costs, and lack of haptic feedback.
Conclusions:
- Robotic-assisted surgery shows significant potential to improve plastic and reconstructive surgery outcomes.
- Future advancements in system design, cost-effectiveness, and AI integration may drive wider adoption.
- Further high-quality research is necessary to optimize robotic systems for clinical use.
