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Correction: Fukushima et al. Long-Term Immunogenicity of Rabies Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Japanese Adult Travelers: Comparison of Dosing Regimens. <i>Vaccines</i> 2025, <i>13</i>, 1169.

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Universal Health Coverage and Preparedness Payoffs: Global COVID-19 Vaccination Rates.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global health system preparedness, measured by universal health coverage (UHC) and States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR) indexes, significantly predicts higher COVID-19 vaccination rates. Strengthening these measures is crucial for equitable global immunization.

Keywords:
COVID-19health equityhealth system preparednessinternational health regulationspandemic responseuniversal health coverage

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Health Policy
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant global disparities in health system capacity and vaccine accessibility.
  • Assessing factors influencing vaccination coverage is critical for pandemic preparedness and response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between pre-pandemic country-level health system preparedness indicators and subsequent COVID-19 vaccination rates.
  • To determine if universal health coverage (UHC) and States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR) indexes predict vaccination coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological study design utilizing global pre-pandemic data on UHC and SPAR indexes.
  • Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship with COVID-19 vaccination rates (2021-2022).
  • Analyses controlled for confounders including country income classification and population demographics.

Main Results:

  • Both UHC and SPAR indexes demonstrated strong positive correlations with COVID-19 vaccination rates (r = 0.76 and r = 0.66, respectively; p < 0.001).
  • Multivariate analyses confirmed UHC (B = 0.81) and SPAR (B = 0.34) as significant predictors of vaccination rates, even after adjusting for income level.
  • The predictive influence of UHC and SPAR strengthened over time, while income level effects diminished.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-pandemic health system preparedness, indicated by UHC and SPAR indexes, is a critical determinant of effective global COVID-19 vaccination strategies.
  • Investing in and strengthening national health system capacities is essential for achieving equitable and widespread immunization coverage.
  • Preparedness efforts are vital for optimizing pandemic response and mitigating health inequities.