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Investigating Balance Perception and Balance Performance in Neurological Disorders for Targeted Rehabilitation

Rebecca Cardini1, Alessandro Torchio2, Irene Aprile3

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Physical Therapy
|May 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study links specific daily activities to balance tasks for people with neurological disorders. It offers a framework to guide rehabilitation, improving balance and daily function.

Keywords:
Clinical frameworkMultiple sclerosisNeurological disordersParkinson diseasePatient-reported outcomesRehabilitationStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Biomechanics

Background:

  • Task-specific balance deficits significantly impair activities of daily living (ADLs) in people with neurological disorders (PwND).
  • Understanding the precise relationship between balance deficits and patient-reported ADLs is crucial for effective, targeted rehabilitation strategies.
  • Current approaches often lack a clear framework for selecting specific balance training tasks based on individual ADL needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a clinical framework connecting ADLs, balance tasks, and underlying balance resources.
  • To aid clinicians in making informed decisions for task-oriented balance rehabilitation in PwND.
  • To optimize rehabilitation planning by linking specific balance deficits to functional limitations.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted.
  • Participants included individuals with Parkinson disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Patient-reported outcomes (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale) and clinical balance assessments (Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index) were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Moderate correlations were identified between challenging ADLs and specific static/dynamic balance tasks.
  • Key balance resources for rehabilitation include stability limits-verticality, anticipatory postural adjustments, and gait stability.
  • The findings highlight the importance of sensory orientation and the use of vestibular and proprioceptive systems in challenging ADLs.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a framework linking specific ADLs with relevant balance tasks and resources.
  • This framework supports clinicians in planning task-oriented, needs-based balance rehabilitation for PwND.
  • Training specific balance resources can directly enhance performance in ADLs for individuals with neurological disorders.