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Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications

Published on: March 22, 2020

Molecular Gold Nanoclusters for Advanced NIR-II Bioimaging and Therapy.

Ani Baghdasaryan¹, Hongjie Dai^1,2,3,4,5,6

¹Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

Chemical Reviews

|May 28, 2025

Summary

Small gold molecular clusters exhibit unique near-infrared II (NIR-II) light emission. These properties enable high-resolution in vivo imaging and theranostics, showing promise for clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

Nanomaterials Science
Biomedical Imaging
Quantum Chemistry

Background:

Small thiolate-protected gold molecular clusters possess unique size-dependent quantum confinement effects.
These effects result in molecule-like properties, including discrete electronic structures and enhanced photoluminescence.
Near-infrared II (NIR-II) emissive gold clusters are emerging nanomaterials for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the near-infrared II (NIR-II) photoluminescence properties of gold molecular clusters.
To highlight their application in preclinical in vivo imaging of various organs and tumors.
To discuss their potential for theranostic treatments.

Main Methods:

Focus on NIR-II photoluminescence characteristics of gold molecular clusters.
Review studies on in vivo imaging of vasculature, brain, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal organs.
Examine applications in molecular targeted tumor imaging and theranostics.

Main Results:

Gold molecular clusters demonstrate tunable NIR-II emission for high-resolution imaging.
Preclinical studies show successful in vivo imaging of major organs and tumors.
These clusters exhibit fast excretion and a high safety profile.

Conclusions:

Gold molecular clusters are highly promising for clinical translation due to their imaging capabilities and safety.
Their unique properties facilitate advanced diagnostics and therapeutics.
Further research into their theranostic potential is warranted.