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    Community pharmacies are increasingly offering opioid use disorder (OUD) services. Successful implementation relies on robust physical, information technology, and work infrastructures, including staff training and medication availability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacy Practice
    • Public Health
    • Implementation Science

    Background:

    • Opioid use disorder (OUD) presents a significant public health crisis in the United States.
    • Community pharmacies play an expanding role in addressing this crisis through OUD services.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and analyze the structural characteristics essential for successful pharmacist-led OUD services in community pharmacies.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic review of English-language articles from US peer-reviewed journals was conducted.
    • Searches utilized PubMed, Embase, and Scopus with terms related to OUD and pharmacy services.
    • The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided data synthesis and theme identification.

    Main Results:

    • 115 articles were included, detailing physical infrastructure (29), information technology infrastructure (42), and work infrastructure (68).
    • Key elements for successful OUD service implementation included defined workflows and prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) technology.

    Conclusions:

    • Analysis of structural characteristics is crucial for implementing OUD services in community pharmacies.
    • Advancements in work infrastructure (staff training) and physical infrastructure (medication stocking) are vital for successful service delivery.
    • This review offers a blueprint for pharmacies and highlights areas for future research using CFIR domains.