Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
10:03

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Published on: January 28, 2020

Potential Inflammatory Mediators in Pericardial Fluids of Patients With Coronary Artery Diseases and Their

Reşat Dikme1, Mehmet Salih Aydın2, Ebru Temiz3

  • 1Department of Perfusion Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|May 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), fetuin A, and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) protein levels are higher in pericardial fluid than plasma in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. These findings suggest potential biomarkers for CAD diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers for CAD diagnosis and prognosis is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Pericardial fluid (PF) offers a unique microenvironment close to the heart, potentially reflecting cardiac pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression and protein levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33), fetuin A, and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) in pericardial fluid (PF) and plasma of patients with CAD.
  • To assess the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for CAD.

Main Methods:

  • Protein levels of IL-33, fetuin A, and CK-18 in PF and plasma were quantified using ELISA.
  • Gene expression levels of IL-33 and fetuin A were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR).
  • Correlations between protein levels and CAD patient characteristics were examined.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher protein levels of IL-33 and fetuin A were found in PF compared to plasma.
  • Gene expression of IL-33 and fetuin A was higher in plasma than in PF.
  • CK-18 protein levels were comparable between PF and plasma, but showed positive correlations with IL-33 and fetuin A in PF.

Conclusions:

  • IL-33, fetuin A, and CK-18 in pericardial fluid show promise as potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease.
  • Pericardial fluid, despite invasive collection, provides valuable insights into cardiac pathophysiology.
  • These findings support the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of PF biomarkers in CAD management.

Keywords:
biomarkerscoronary artery diseasecytokeratin 18fetuin Agene expressioninterleukin 33pericardial fluid

Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...