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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Glaucoformer: Dual-Domain Global Transformer Network for Generalized Glaucoma Stage Classification.

Dipankar Das, Deepak Ranjan Nayak, Ram Bilas Pachori

    IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
    |May 29, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new Glaucoformer network effectively classifies glaucoma stages by analyzing fundus images in both spatial and frequency domains. This dual-domain approach captures local and global features for improved diagnostic accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Glaucoma stage classification from fundus images is challenging due to subtle variations and inter-stage similarities.
    • Existing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) capture local features but miss global dependencies.
    • Vision Transformers model global context but neglect local features and frequency domain analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel dual-domain global transformer network, Glaucoformer, for accurate glaucoma stage classification.
    • To enhance feature representation by integrating spatial and frequency domain analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Introduced a dual-domain global transformer layer (DGTL) with dual-domain channel and spatial attention.
    • Integrated a Fourier domain feature analyzer (FDFA) to process frequency domain information.
    • Utilized deformable convolutions to handle complex lesion irregularities and a shared key-query scheme for efficiency.

    Main Results:

    • Glaucoformer demonstrated superior effectiveness in classifying glaucoma stages compared to existing CNN and vision transformer models.
    • The dual-domain approach successfully exploited both local and global contextual features in spatial and frequency domains.
    • The model showed strong generalizability on an unseen dataset.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed Glaucoformer network offers a powerful new tool for glaucoma stage classification.
    • Integrating dual-domain analysis significantly improves the model's ability to learn discriminant feature representations.
    • The approach holds promise for advancing automated glaucoma diagnosis.