Investigating ADRB1 and ADRB3 polymorphisms as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study
Ali Waleed Abd Al-Hameed1, Azin Nowrouzi2, Dhafer A F Al-Koofee3
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iraqi Ministry of Health, AL Najaf Health Directorate, Najaf, Iraq.
Background And Objective:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic condition associated with hyperglycemia characterized by insulin resistance and/or a relative insulin deficiency. This study aims to evaluate the DNA-preparing gene (ADRB1, rs1801253 and ADRB3, rs4994) polymorphisms in the Iraqi population to determine any association with T2D.
Methods:
This case-control study was conducted with 400 participants (200 cases distributed 47 % female, 53 % male), and (200 controls distributed 62 % female and 38 % male). Insulin, lipogram, and glucose concentrations were evaluated as well as HOMA-IR, and QUICKI indexes. TaqMan SNP genotyping assays of the SNPs ADRB1 (rs1801253) and ADRB3 (rs4994) were applied. Difference in ADRB1 and ADRB3 genotypes between T2D and control were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between ADRB1 and ADRB3 genotypes and the risk of developing T2D.
Results:
When compared to the control group, all biochemical markers were shown to be significantly higher. When evaluating the CC mutant genotype and CG heterozygous genotype, the ADRB1 gene (rs1801253 G/C) showed a significant correlation with the occurrence of T2D. This suggests that the CG heterozygous genotype is a risk factor for T2D under both the recessive and codominant models, as well as the allele frequency. A significant correlation between the occurrence of T2D and the genotypes of the ADRB3 gene (rs4994 T/C) was found when the evaluation was conducted with respect to the CC mutant genotype, the TC heterozygous genotype, which suggests a risk factor for T2D under the codominant, dominant, and recessive models, and finally the frequency of the C allele.
Conclusion:
Our findings imply that the ADRB1 and ADRB3 polymorphisms may represent a susceptibility gene for T2D and are significant predictors of the disease. T2D susceptibility is increased in patients with the alternative allele at the ADRB1 and ADRB3 gene locus. Our research provides a novel, potentially useful genetic diagnostic method for T2D patient stratification.
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