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Multi-dimensional memory in low-friction granular materials.

Chloe W Lindeman1

  • 1Department of Physics and The James Franck and Enrico Fermi Institutes, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. cwlindeman@jhu.edu.

Soft Matter
|May 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Granular materials exhibit memory in response to multi-dimensional training. The order of applied shear deformation significantly influences memory recall, suggesting a path-dependent memory in these complex systems.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under deformation.
  • Understanding memory in these systems is crucial for predicting their response to external stimuli.
  • Previous studies focused on single-axis memory, limiting understanding of multi-dimensional responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate memory formation and recall in two-dimensional granular packings under multi-dimensional shear training.
  • To explore how the order and type of applied shear influence the material's memory.
  • To characterize the nature of memory in granular systems beyond simple amplitude recall.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of hydrogel sphere packings subjected to controlled shear cycles.

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Last Updated: Sep 20, 2025

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  • Training packings with single or combined types of shear deformation.
  • Readout protocol to identify memory through a cusp in the stress-strain response.

    • Main Results:

    • Memory recall is sensitive to the type and order of applied shear deformations.
    • The observed memory is path-dependent, not solely determined by strain amplitude.
    • The non-abelian nature of the readout process reveals complex memory characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Granular materials can "learn" complex deformation paths, not just amplitudes.
    • Memory classification should consider the sequential nature of training and non-abelian properties.
    • This work provides a new perspective on memory in disordered and soft materials.