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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Design and Evaluation of Smart Glasses for Food Intake and Physical Activity Classification
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Artificial intelligence-powered smart vision glasses for the visually impaired.

Devi Udayakumar1, Sarika Gopalakrishnan2, Aparna Raghuram3

  • 1Department of Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Vision-Aid, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 30, 2025
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Summary

A new AI-powered Smart Vision Glass (SVG) offers affordable assistance for visually impaired individuals in India. This wearable device helps with daily tasks, promoting independence and improving quality of life.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceassistive technologyblindnesslow visionvision rehabilitationvisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Assistive Technology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • India has a high prevalence of blindness and severe visual impairment.
  • Existing AI assistive devices are often prohibitively expensive for many.
  • There is a need for cost-effective solutions for the visually impaired population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the acceptance and usability of a novel, cost-effective AI-powered spectacle-mounted assistive device.
  • To assess the device's effectiveness in a multicentric Indian cohort of visually impaired individuals.

Main Methods:

  • The Smart Vision Glass (SVG) is a spectacle-mounted device with braille keys and voice interface, connected to a smartphone app.
  • Key functions include "Things Around You," "Reading," "Walking Assistance," and "Face Recognition."
  • Ninety participants from five vision rehabilitation centers in India provided feedback after one month of use.

Main Results:

  • Participants (mean age 23.5 years, 90% blind) successfully accessed all SVG functions.
  • Positive user experiences were reported for "Reading" (72.9%) and "Things Around You" (44.7%).
  • Approximately two-thirds of participants used the device for an hour or more daily.

Conclusions:

  • The Smart Vision Glass (SVG) is a promising, cost-effective assistive device for the blind and severely visually impaired.
  • The device aids in overcoming daily challenges and fosters self-reliance.
  • SVG demonstrates potential for widespread adoption in India and similar settings.