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Assessment of Acute Wound Healing using the Dorsal Subcutaneous Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Implantation and Excisional Tail Skin Wound Models.
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An Overview and Review of Growth Factors in Wound Healing: Emerging Trends and Innovations

Phool Chandra1, Mohd Faizan1, Mayur Porwal1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244101, India.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|May 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Growth factors are key to wound healing, regulating cell activity for tissue repair. Understanding their roles aids in developing therapies for chronic wounds and scar reduction.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Wound healing is a complex biological process essential for restoring tissue integrity.
  • Growth factors are critical signaling molecules that regulate cellular functions during healing.
  • Key growth factors include Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pivotal roles of various growth factors in orchestrating the cellular and molecular events of wound healing.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which specific growth factors influence cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis.
  • To underscore the importance of coordinated growth factor action in the distinct phases of wound repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature on growth factors and wound healing.
  • Analysis of the specific functions and signaling pathways of key growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, FGF, EGF).
  • Examination of the impact of growth factor dysregulation on impaired healing and scar formation.

Main Results:

  • PDGF stimulates fibroblast and smooth muscle cell activity, promoting granulation tissue formation.
  • TGF-β modulates inflammation, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling.
  • VEGF drives angiogenesis, supplying essential nutrients and oxygen.
  • FGF supports fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis for tissue regeneration.
  • EGF facilitates epithelial cell migration and proliferation for wound closure.

Conclusions:

  • Growth factors are indispensable mediators of wound healing, acting synergistically through distinct phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
  • Imbalances in growth factor signaling can lead to pathological healing outcomes, such as chronic wounds or excessive scarring.
  • Knowledge of growth factor functions provides a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies to enhance wound repair and regeneration.
Keywords:
EGFFGFGrowth factorsPDGFTGF-βVEGFtissue repair.wound healing

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