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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
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Developmental Olfactory Dysfunction and Abnormal Odor Memory in Immune-Challenged Disc1+/- Mice.

Fiona Parbst1, Johanna K Kostka1, Anne Günther1

  • 1Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Reduced olfactory bulb (OB) activity in early development impairs hippocampal-prefrontal network maturation and long-term odor memory in a mouse model for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords:
Disc1developmenthippocampusneuropsychiatricolfactionprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) is crucial for developing the hippocampal-prefrontal network.
  • Disruptions in OB output during early development can lead to cognitive deficits resembling neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate OB activity during early development in a mouse model (immune-challenged Disc1+/- mice) mimicking genetic and environmental risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To determine if OB activity disruptions contribute to hippocampal-prefrontal network dysfunction and memory impairments.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiology to record OB neuronal and network activity.
  • Behavioral assessments to evaluate odor perception and long-term odor memory.
  • Utilized immune-challenged Disc1+/- mice of both sexes to model dual etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Immune-challenged Disc1+/- mice exhibited reduced spontaneous neuronal and network activity in the OB during early development.
  • This early OB deficit did not impact odor-evoked activity or perception.
  • However, long-term odor memory was significantly impaired in these mice.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced spontaneous activity in the developing OB may impair the maturation of the hippocampal-prefrontal network.
  • This developmental deficit in OB-hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity may underlie memory impairments observed in immune-challenged Disc1+/- mice.
  • Findings suggest a potential mechanism linking early-life olfactory system dysfunction to cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.