Changes in DNA Methylation Associated With Psychobehavioral Interventions: A Scoping Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Epigenetics
• Psychoneuroimmunology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• DNA methylation (DNAm) epigenetically modifies gene expression, influencing stress responses.
• Stress-related DNAm is malleable, making it a target for psychobehavioral interventions.
• Emerging research investigates DNAm changes following interventions like mindfulness and CBT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review of studies examining DNAm alterations in response to psychobehavioral interventions.
• To identify current evidence, knowledge gaps, and research recommendations in this field.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review methodology based on Arksey and O'Malley (2005).
• Inclusion criteria: studies on blood or saliva DNAm response to psychobehavioral interventions in adults.
• Systematic search and synthesis of relevant literature.

Main Results:

• Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria, though many had insufficient power.
• Several studies reported changes in DNAm across various genes, including those linked to stress and inflammation.
• Significant heterogeneity observed in participant health, intervention type/duration, biospecimens, and DNA analysis methods.

Conclusions:

• The study of DNAm in response to psychobehavioral interventions is an expanding research area.
• Future research should address methodological limitations, confirm biological significance, and correlate DNAm changes with clinical outcomes.
• Enhanced study designs are needed to robustly link interventions, DNAm, and health benefits.