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Surgeons versus computer vision: a comparative analysis on surgical phase recognition capabilities.

Marco Mezzina1,2, Pieter De Backer3,4, Tom Vercauteren5

  • 1Orsi Academy, Ghent, Belgium. marco.mezzina@orsi.be.

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
|May 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal context significantly improves surgical phase recognition (SPR) accuracy for both experts and AI in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. Visual landmarks are key for accurate classification in complex, nonlinear procedures.

Keywords:
Deep learningRAPNSurgical data scienceSurgical phase recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Surgical Workflow Analysis
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Automated surgical phase recognition (SPR) aids surgical video review, education, and skill assessment.
  • Prior research on SPR primarily examined short, linear procedures.
  • The influence of temporal context on expert classification accuracy in nonlinear procedures remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of temporal context on surgical phase recognition for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), a nonlinear procedure.
  • To compare the performance of human experts and AI models in classifying surgical phases.
  • To identify key visual landmarks influencing phase classification.

Main Methods:

  • Urologists of varying expertise classified RAPN phases using single frames and video snippets.
  • Participants reported confidence and identified visual landmarks.
  • AI models, with and without temporal context, were trained on RAPN data.

Main Results:

  • Video snippets and visual landmarks enhanced phase classification accuracy for all participants.
  • Expert surgeons demonstrated higher confidence and accuracy than novices.
  • AI model performance was comparable to surgeons, with temporal context improving both.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical phase recognition is complex for both humans and AI.
  • Providing temporal information enhances SPR performance.
  • Surgical tools and organs are critical landmarks for automated SPR development.