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Factors affecting mortality risk in pediatric head injuries in Africa: a meta-analysis

Kwadwo Darko1, Bernice Limann2, Pearl Ohenewaa Tenkorang3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|May 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and seizures are key risk factors for mortality in pediatric head injuries in low- and middle-income countries. Early preventive measures, like improved infrastructure, can reduce pediatric TBI mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income nations.
  • Pediatric head injuries represent a substantial public health concern in LMICs, necessitating a deeper understanding of mortality risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess factors influencing mortality risk in pediatric patients with head injuries in LMICs.
  • To identify specific causes and clinical presentations associated with increased mortality in pediatric TBI cases.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Literature search was performed across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases.
  • Data from 42 studies across 12 African countries were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The study included 42 studies from 12 African countries, analyzing pediatric head injuries.
  • Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the leading cause of injury (56.0-69.2%), followed by falls (21.0-37.9%).
  • The overall mortality rate was 19%, with RTAs identified as a significant risk factor (RR: 43.7).

Conclusions:

  • Road traffic accidents and seizures at presentation are identified as critical risk factors for mortality in pediatric head injuries.
  • Implementing early preventive strategies, including infrastructure enhancements for road safety, is recommended to mitigate pediatric TBI mortality.
Abstract

Keywords:
Head injuryMortality riskPediatric TBIRTAs

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