Innovations and challenges in the use of cactus mucilage: A technological analysis

Cacti are plants that possess morphological adaptations to dry climates. This characteristic, combined with their composition rich in bioactive compounds and mucilage, has increased their visibility across various industries. This study aimed to identify the main technological innovations involving cactus mucilage, as well as the challenges and opportunities related to its application, through the analysis of patents. Data were collected from the Espacenet database, the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), and Patentscope using the terms "mucilage" AND "cactus." The countries with the highest number of filings were China, the United States, and Canada. Most patent filings were made by independent individuals, followed by educational institutions and companies. The number of filings related to this topic has increased over time, peaking in 2011. The food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and construction materials industries were the main sectors utilizing mucilage for various purposes: as a thickener, coagulant, purifier, and edible biopolymer. The Opuntia genus was the most commonly used. The analysis revealed the great versatility of this polymer, which ensures significant growth potential, particularly in the food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries. However, several challenges still need to be overcome, such as improving extraction methods, addressing sensory changes in food products, and-most importantly-the lack of investment in research and development in some countries.