High-sensitivity Ara h1 detection with a praseodymium niobate-carbon nanofiber immunosensor

Peanut allergy is a common and potentially life-threatening condition. To address this, an electrochemical immunosensor was developed for detecting the peanut allergen Ara h 1. The sensor uses gold electrodes modified with PrNbO₄/f-CNF in a label-free immunoassay. Monoclonal capture and Anti-Ara h1 antibodies ensure high specificity. A pre-incubation step accelerates detection, making it suitable for real-time monitoring. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) provides precise measurements. The sensor has a linear detection range of 0.0062 to 620 fg·mL^-1 and a detection limit of 0.0029 fg·mL^-1. It demonstrates high sensitivity (5.97 μA·mL^-1·fg·cm^-2) and precision (Vx0 ∼ 6 %). Tests with commercial products confirmed detection at 0.05 % (m/m) peanut. These results highlight the sensor's reliability and potential application in food safety, ensuring even trace amounts of allergens are identified.